The Coral Reef

The Coral Reef Free Online Research Papers The marine organisms which took most interest to me were coral reefs, due to the fact I’m from the east coast and more so island oriented also that I am Haitian/Jamaican. The climate is tropical and the waters are full of coral reefs and vibrant organisms within the water. The perception is that coral reefs are not living organisms and do not really have life. According to Rob Nelson from thewildclassroom.com/biomes/coralreef.html Many biologists consider coral reefs to be more diverse and productive than their land equivalents. Corals are the only animals other than humans that are capable of building structures that can be seen by space. Mostly found in warm waters, they cannot survive in temperatures lower than 18 °C Coral reefs are the most diverse and beautiful of all marine habitats statedhttp://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/coralreef.html Coral reefs also are home to various breeds of marine life ranging from moray eels, to a hammerhead shark. They are a means of food for many of the larger prey that feed off bait fish like plankton or herring. Corals are members of the phylum Cnidaria also including jellyfish, comb jellies and sea anemones. Coral reef is not only a house center for other animals in the ocean but it is actually made from dead animals, broken rock that over time has fused together. So coral reef is actually a living recycling system The construction or birth of corals is through the process of Bio-Erosion The structure and the architecture of the reefs result from interactions between the processes of growth and erosion. Have been found to Growth and erosion of the coral reef ensue the structure of the reefs. As the coral reef is created there is also a coexisting process of destruction by physical, chemical and biological agents that are constantly at work. Because they are constantly at work the agents prevent the development of further coral reefs. The agents responsible for the erosion of the reef often are stronger together then they would be alone. Two processes involved in bioerosion are the chemical dissolution of the substrate resulting from the action of the acid substances and the mechanical abrasion of the substrate. Cyclones are destructive of the coral reef especially when the substrate is weakened by the activities of erosive organisms. During the erosion it releases dissolved CaCO3 into the envi ronment that is re-used by the productive organisms both in this form and in the particulate form which results in the production of the bioclasts which are part of the reef sedimentation resembling a recycling process There was a period in time where there likely hood of coral reef hung in the balance. El Nino, the shift in ocean currents also had an effect on global warming, which could cause major drought and floods. Mass Bleaching has also had a major impact on the lives of coral reef. Because of the rise in ocean temperatures large amounts of coral reef have been severely bleached which cause more damage while still in the healing process. Coral reefs are useful to the environment and people in numerous ways. For example, they Protect shores from the impact of waves and from storms; Provide benefits to humans in the form of food and medicine; Provide economic benefits to local communities from tourism. Also an estimate valued the world’s coral reefs at $30 billion. However human activities such as overfishing, water pollution has been the deterring factor of the 10 percent loss of coral reefs globally. Including these tragic events an additional 15 percent has been lost because of warming of the surface ocean, and the climate change which will be the catalyst factor to further destroying the reefs in times to come. These environmental features also lead to more â€Å"bleaching† of the reefs. Limestone an element produced also by coral reefs will be preserved well in geologic records. Modern coral reef organisms and communities have evolved over the past 40-55 million years.A significant coral found mostly in tropical waters is the jewel stone/jewel toe / Honeycomb Coral better known thru its scientific name Porites. The porites species is within the kingdom Animalia, phylum Cnidaria, class Anthoza, family Porittidae and genus Porites. Found mostly in the Pacific region including Fiji, Tonga and Hawaii Islands, Porites coral grows within water Seventy-two to seventy-eight degrees Fahrenheit. Porites feeding mechanism is just as other stationery plants which use the sun, through the process of photosynthesis. The Porites species also filter feeds on plankton a few times a week in the evening They can grow up to six meters then spreads. Being that it’s a nocturnal organism it doesn’t fully spread itself till night. The Porites usually come in color shades of b rown, yellow, and green. However with the exposure to UV the coral sometimes shows colors of blue, pink, and purple. When taken into human captivity the coral demands special care. Today’s reef community is living veneer over these limestone accumulations that may be tens of meters thick, According to â€Å"Pew Center on Global Climate Changes†. We as humans should appreciate the beauty of these magnificent organisms not only by viewing them, but also educating ourselves on deterring preventions. Research Papers on The Coral ReefGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Project Managment Office System19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Roles and Function of the Texas Legislature Term Paper

Roles and Function of the Texas Legislature - Term Paper Example The constitution divides the United States’ Congress into the Senate and the House of Representatives. Of the 435 seats in the House of Representatives, the Texas State has 36 representatives for each district (Agnew, 2008). Every state is apportioned a number of seats in the House depending on the state’s population proportion in the country (Agnew, 2008). Reapportionment occurs every ten years following a census. The reapportionment involves deciding which districts within the state get to have representative members of Congress following a decennial census (Agnew, 2008). The process also involves redistricting which involves redrawing of the district lines in the respective state to serve a two-year term. The Texas legislature passes reapportionment bills, which amend the state apportioned counties to both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The state’s legislature also lines up representatives for the Senate.Through the appointment of representatives to the U.S Congress, the Texas Legislature helps to represent the political agenda of the state in Congress. The representatives in the both the Senate and the House of Representatives have voting power on all matters of the Constitution. It is their function to ensure they represent the views of their constituents in Congress. The Texas legislature also helps shape the political landscape of the entire nation. Members of both the Senate and House of Representative vote on certain constitutional issues.

Advanced financial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advanced financial Accounting - Essay Example However, certain facts about accounting standards, and what they have achieved or failed to achieve, are behind the scepticism of some professionals who question the need for accounting standards. A brief look at these circumstances might be in order before proceeding further. Perhaps the most important among these is the spate of financial misrepresentations, and the fraudulent approaches that could be adopted by large and reputed organizations such as Enron, Worldcom and Arthur Anderson in spite of the existence of these standards. If expenses can be misstated in spite of standards, and the cautious investor has to look behind the published figures in any case, what purpose do accounting standards serve? The answer to this question lies in the fact that in the absence of accounting standards such misrepresentation would acquire legal status at least in some cases. The solution therefore is not to avoid accounting standards altogether but to strengthen them. One of the lacunae in the existing accounting standards is the lack of uniformity among various sets of standards followed nationally in various countries. With increasing globalisation, more and more organizations are exposed to multi-national working and require a common framework for financial reporting. Moreover, even in cases of national reporting most accounting standards have a number of weaknesses. For example, many accounting standards, including the one by US Financial Accounting Standards Board, are rules oriented, while the need of the day seems to be principle based accounting. Yet another issue is the inadequacy of accounting standards by themselves to prevent the occurrence of fraud as has been witnessed in several cases around the world. This, however, is understandable, as accounting standards are not a panacea for all evils related to financial reporting but are to be taken only as guidelines

Historical Example of Labor Supply and Demand Essay Example for Free

Historical Example of Labor Supply and Demand Essay The Luddite Revolt was a part of history that was relatively unknown to me. As such I decided to read it in great length. What I discovered was that at the dawn of the industrial revolution there became massive unemployment. This is because traditional craftsman were obsolete to some of the new manufacturing processes of the day. The industrial revolution made handmade crafts a thing of the past. The luddites were not adapted to handle the situation. These craftsmen felt so threatened by the new technology that they resorted to breaking the means of production associated with it. In 1816 there was a violent revolt of a Luddites which resulted in the breakage of 53 frames at Heathcote and Boden mills in Loughsboro UK. The cost of this revolt was significant. With automated machines now able to produce goods at a faster and cheaper rate than individual merchants these people found themselves without economic viability. They were reduced to being unskilled factory workers instead of the skilled craftsmen they had been before. Consequentially their wages suffered. Work that would have gained someone financial stability or independence was now paid at a substantially less price. In addition these folks didn’t have the ability to sell their own goods any longer. As they were now working in someone else’s factory they had little or no control over what was the asking price of the end product. The frustration these people felt led to the Luddite Revolts.

Essay --

When Scott Sullivan found out that Cooper was asking questions, Sullivan was â€Å"furious† with her and told her not to concern herself with financial audits (Anderson 51). Cooper and her team then made the decision to â€Å"quietly† investigate company accounting entries. The audit team made their first discoveries of fraudulent entries in May, 2002. They were able to trace fraudulent entries back to 2000. Less than a week after the Fort Worth Weekly article was printed, WorldCom accounting employee Mark Abide read the article. Having serious concerns about its revelations, Abide forwarded a copy to Glyn Smith who was on WorldCom’s internal audit staff. On May 29, 2002, WorldCom’s internal audit team, who was led by Cynthia Cooper, met to discuss an audit report as well as the Fort Worth Weekly article on Kim Emigh. During this meeting the audit team discussed â€Å"$1.4 billion that had been added to the company’s capital expenses† (Krim 5). It should also be noted that during this time, WorldCom’s external auditor, Arthur Anderson had just been indicted in the Enron scandal. Additionally, WorldCom’s CEO, Bernie Ebbers, had just resigned as large loans he received form the company had come to light sparking an investigation by the SEC. An accounting department employee, Sanjeev Sethi, at the internal audit meeting revealed that his department did not generate the $1.4 billion adjustments. The adjustments came from higher up in the organization. Cynthia Cooper and the audit team began to investigate the adjustments. Just days later, David Myers wrote multiple notes to Cooper attempting to keep Sethi from looking into capital expense reports. Cynthia Cooper confronted Betty Vinson who had processed the fraudulent entries. Vinson ackn... ...there . . . (United States of America V. Bernie J. Ebbers 2002, 27) The second piece of evidence is a memorandum the Ebbers sent on July 10, 2001, to a senior WorldCom officer requesting information concerning â€Å"those one time events that had to happen in order for us to have a chance to make out numbers† (United States of America V. Bernie J. Ebbers 2002, 27). Being that Sullivan was comfortable enough leaving Ebbers a voicemail using terms such as â€Å"one time stuff† and â€Å"junk. . . in the numbers† along with Ebbers’ own memo is enough evidence, in and of itself, to suggest Ebbers wasn’t innocent in perpetuating the fraud. Fraud Victims The fraud perpetuated by WorldCom executives casts a big shadow with wide ranging effects. The fraud has claimed numerous victims. Not only did thousands of employees lose their jobs, they lost their means to support their family. Essay -- When Scott Sullivan found out that Cooper was asking questions, Sullivan was â€Å"furious† with her and told her not to concern herself with financial audits (Anderson 51). Cooper and her team then made the decision to â€Å"quietly† investigate company accounting entries. The audit team made their first discoveries of fraudulent entries in May, 2002. They were able to trace fraudulent entries back to 2000. Less than a week after the Fort Worth Weekly article was printed, WorldCom accounting employee Mark Abide read the article. Having serious concerns about its revelations, Abide forwarded a copy to Glyn Smith who was on WorldCom’s internal audit staff. On May 29, 2002, WorldCom’s internal audit team, who was led by Cynthia Cooper, met to discuss an audit report as well as the Fort Worth Weekly article on Kim Emigh. During this meeting the audit team discussed â€Å"$1.4 billion that had been added to the company’s capital expenses† (Krim 5). It should also be noted that during this time, WorldCom’s external auditor, Arthur Anderson had just been indicted in the Enron scandal. Additionally, WorldCom’s CEO, Bernie Ebbers, had just resigned as large loans he received form the company had come to light sparking an investigation by the SEC. An accounting department employee, Sanjeev Sethi, at the internal audit meeting revealed that his department did not generate the $1.4 billion adjustments. The adjustments came from higher up in the organization. Cynthia Cooper and the audit team began to investigate the adjustments. Just days later, David Myers wrote multiple notes to Cooper attempting to keep Sethi from looking into capital expense reports. Cynthia Cooper confronted Betty Vinson who had processed the fraudulent entries. Vinson ackn... ...there . . . (United States of America V. Bernie J. Ebbers 2002, 27) The second piece of evidence is a memorandum the Ebbers sent on July 10, 2001, to a senior WorldCom officer requesting information concerning â€Å"those one time events that had to happen in order for us to have a chance to make out numbers† (United States of America V. Bernie J. Ebbers 2002, 27). Being that Sullivan was comfortable enough leaving Ebbers a voicemail using terms such as â€Å"one time stuff† and â€Å"junk. . . in the numbers† along with Ebbers’ own memo is enough evidence, in and of itself, to suggest Ebbers wasn’t innocent in perpetuating the fraud. Fraud Victims The fraud perpetuated by WorldCom executives casts a big shadow with wide ranging effects. The fraud has claimed numerous victims. Not only did thousands of employees lose their jobs, they lost their means to support their family.

Communication Strategies Essay

Technology is something we all use every day. It could be your cell phone, laptop, tablet, or anything else you prefer. Sadly to say, we also become dependent on these different types of technology. If you have dealt with technology enough in your lifetime, you know that it will fail you at some point in time. It is always at the most inconvenient times as well. Having an effective communication strategy to use while your technology or network isn’t available is very important. Should something happen to your network, you should have troubleshooting steps or a communication strategy readily available. It is the responsibility of the organization or business to make sure there is a communication strategy available. According to our text, an organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources them to produce outputs (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The technical definition focuses on three elements of an organization. Capitol and labor are primary production factors provided by the environment (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). I’m not familiar with many organizations, so the organization that I am most familiar with is the military, the Air Force to be exact. Working in an office setting and also being a technical administrator, I constantly dealt with communication issues. When I think of a digital firm, I think of a firm in which nearly all of the organization’s significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and mediated just like the text states (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The internet is also the first thing that comes to my mind and I will be the first to admit that I use it for everything. I have become very dependent upon Google. I can think of millions of digital firms. Digital firms sense and respond to their environments far more rapidly than traditional firms; giving them more flexibility to survive in turbulent times (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Digital firms place an emphasis on the digitization of business processes and services through sophisticated technology and information systems. Technology adoption has been increasing as digital firms continually look to achieve greater levels cost savings, competitive advantage, and operational performance optimization. The organization I choose to discuss is the United Services Automobile Association (USAA). It is a Fortune 500 financial services company offering banking, investing, and insurance to people and families that serve, or served, in the United States military. I became a member of this organization early 2009 and I do not ever see myself leaving this organization. I rate them five stars on their technology resources and systems. USAA uses technology in various areas within the organization to provide such a good â€Å"Customer Relationship Management† system. They provide to their customers online banking, mobile banking, the option to deposit checks from home, pay home or car insurance online, pay bills, submit insurance claims, and these are to just name a few. Whenever I call their 1-800 number, I rarely have to speak to a human unless I absolutely need to because almost everything is automated with them. Information systems or technology is very important in organizations today because more than 23 million managers and 113 million workers in the labor force rely on information systems to conduct business (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). That is a good deal of people. It is no wonder that Information Technology is such a growing career field with excellent salaries. Also, because of information systems, more people have the option to work from home. Information systems are essential for conducting day-to-day business in the United States and most other advanced countries, as well as achieving strategic business objectives (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Doctor offices, retail stores, travel agencies, and many personal services use technology every day. Many business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six-strategic business objectives: products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision making; competitive advantage; and survival (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Information systems are also the number one reason global marketing is so successful today. For example, many people choose to do online shopping during the holiday’s because it is less of a hassle, less stressful, and you can choose your own shopping hours. I have become a fan of online shopping as well because the sales are just as good as in-store sales. Internet service firms, such as Google, eBay, and Amazon, are able to replicate their business models and services in multiple countries without having to redesign their expensive fixed-cost information systems infrastructure (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). My personal favorite with USAA is their mobile banking. It is great having your banking information at the tip of your fingers. With so much identify theft and fraud in the world today, it is great to be able to see your account information in detail. If you look around, almost everyone owns a cell phone and most of them are smart phones. It is best to use these gadgets to their full capacity. I don’t always have time to stop by the bank or call to speak to a representative to have them make a transaction for me. I even have the option to schedule transactions’ so I will not have to remember to do it each day or month. It is more convenient to do it myself from my phone or computer versus doing it in person. I cannot recall the last time I actually paid any bills in person or mailed a payment in. I don’t think I will ever go back to that method if I can help it because I am all about saving time and making things simpler. As with everything, there are advantages and disadvantages and technology is no different. Although I feel that technology has made the population a bit lazier, we all have to admit it did make things in life a lot easier. I can recall being a technical administrator in the United States Air Force. Sadly to say, whenever we had power outages almost everything shut down. My fellow employees always thought that this meant go home for the rest of the day. Many times it did mean that. I tried not to fall victim to this because I am one of those people who feel like there is always work to be done. It was those times when I realized how heavily we depended on technology. I often wonder how advance technology will be 10 or 15 years from now and will everyone be able to keep up. I also worry about our senior citizens and I sympathize with them a great deal. My young nieces already know how to work computers, smart phones, you name it. Sometimes they teach me things about technology. While it made things simpler for the younger generation, it made things a lot more complex for our senior citizens. I often see my grandmother struggling to keep up with any assistance she may get because to renew or apply for it, she has to do it on the internet. Without any of my family’s assistance, she would never be able to do this. Most of our senior citizens are used to buying stamps and sending their mail off to the post office. Hopefully things don’t get too advanced for them. We must not leave them struggling to keep up. No matter what you’re viewpoint is on technology, we have to face the fact that it’s not going anywhere. References Haltiwanger, J., Lynch, L., & Mackie, C. (2007). Understanding Business Dynamics: An Integrated Data System for America’s Future. National Academies Press, Washington, 000000DC Laudon, K.C., & Laudon, J. P. (2012). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. (12th ed) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall

William Lloyd Garrison Was A Brave Journalist - 1585 Words

William Lloyd Garrison was a brave journalist whose biggest goal was to end the enslavement of African- Americans. In 1805, the inspiring journalist, was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts where he endured extreme poverty. For example, Garrison was abandoned by his father at the age of three and was raised by a single mother. In 1816, Garrison struggled in grammar school and he even said that â€Å"he did not know one single rule of grammar.† Even though, Garrison was ten years old, he was not that bright in reading and he only used, â€Å"sermons and religious tracts,† to practice because that was the only thing he could afford. When his mother started having health problems, Garrison took an apprentice job as a cabinetmaker, which did not last because he felt that the job was boring. In 1818, Lloyd was rescued from poverty when he was apprenticed to Ephraim W. Allen, who was an editor for the newspaper company Newburyport Herald. Furthermore, Garrison would work at the Newburyport Herald for seven years, but would not enjoy working there and even stated that, â€Å"My little heart sank like lead within me,† when he walked in the Herald office for the first time. At thirteen years old, Garrison worked at the Newburyport Herald as a printer and he also increased in his reading from, â€Å"Shakespeare and the Waverly novels.† Also, garrison took an interest in the management of newspapers and the federalist politicians of Newburyport. Garrison also joined a debating society which was knownShow MoreRelatedCCGPS (Georgia) High School World History Unit 4 Study Guide1384 Words   |  6 Pagestariff on imported goods; South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union. The tariff benefited the north but hurt the south. 3. The nullification crisis of 1832 was resolved by a proclamation from then President Andrew Jackson to the state of South Carolina denying them the right to nullify a standing federal law. 4. The Cotton Gin was the first machine that separated the actual cotton from the cotton seeds of the plant. Cotton production greatly increased in the south. 5. The Compromise of 1850Read MoreReconstruction : The Burning Years10732 Words   |  43 PagesAmericans exercised their civil rights in peace from the Union victory at Appomattox until Plessy v. Ferguson. I was wrong. In college, I learned that most historians agree that slavery was the number one cause of the Civil War. Everything else – states’ rights, Congressional apportionment, Northern and Southern economic competition – stemmed from slavery. As for Reconstruction, I was assigned Eric Foner’s landmark 1988 book, titled simply Reconstruction, and it upended everything I thought I knewRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Toluca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States